Just as quick-charging phones became popular, manufacturers started to not include the required chargers in the box. But should you buy an original charger or does fast charging also work with other models? We answer the most important questions about current technologies like USB-PD, Quick Charge, Dart, VOOC, and others.
How convenient is it to be able to half-charge your phone in just a few minutes before leaving the house thanks to a fast charger? Warp Charge, Super VOOC, and Quick Charge are important technologies, but manufacturers have also caused quite a bit of chaos in the battle for the best charging technology. In the following table, you can see which manufacturer uses which technology with which performance:
Fast charging standards head-to-head
These are the current standards for fast charging (click on the name for more information!)
Name Manufacturer Third-party chargers? Technical data (max.)
USB-PD USB Implementers Forum Yes 240 W / 48 Volt / 5 Ampere
Quick Charge 5 Qualcomm “more than 100 W” (20 Volt / 5+ amps)
SuperVOOC Oppo No 240 W**
125 W / 20 Volt / 6.25 Ampere
UltraDart Realme 200 W**
125 W / 20 Volt / 6.25 Ampere
IQOO Super Flash Charge Vivo 120 W / 20 Volt / 6 Ampere
Xiaomi HyperCharge Xiaomi
Warp Charge OnePlus 65 W / 10 Volt / 6.5 Ampere
Apple Lightning Apple Yes 20 W / 9 Volt / 2.2 Ampere
Pump Express 4.0 MediaTek n/a n/a**
** announced but unreleased
But do Oppo, OnePlus and Xiaomi really outperform popular manufacturers like Samsung and Apple, or are there reasons against the fast technologies? To understand this, let’s consider what actually happens during fast charging.
Cell phone fast charging: How does it work?
Lithium-ion batteries are used in smartphones. The capacity of the battery, which is usually between 3,000 and 7,000 mAh, can supply the various components of the phone with power for several hours or days. If the battery is empty, i.e. all the lithium ions have migrated from the negative electrode to the positive, this process can be reversed by an external power supply and the battery recharged.
androidpit iphone batteries smartphone
Almost all phones nowadays use non-user-replaceable batteries / © Parilov/Shutterstock
This is exactly where the wheat is separated from the chaff when it comes to fast charging technologies. That’s because modern fast-charging technologies turn on the tap when it comes to the charger’s wattage, the voltage in volts, and the current in amps. Oppo’s SuperVOOC 125 uses a 125-watt charger and charges at a maximum of 20 volts at 6.25 amps.
At the same time, the manufacturer splits the required battery power between two batteries, allowing it to power both halves separately. So instead of filling a large pool through a single faucet, two pools are filled with two faucets. Without increasing the load on each individual battery, the speed is thus doubled.
Unfortunately, smartphone manufacturers have developed their own standards and have increasingly deviated from the former USB-PD and Qualcomm’s Quick Charge standards in recent years. Therefore, you definitely have to pay attention to whether your charger supports the required protocols, even if it supports the technical requirements for charging. Of course, we will also take a look at that.
Current fast charging standards in a nutshell
USB-PD: An important requirement
Every Android phone offers a USB port for charging and data transfer, and thus the maximum charging speeds always depend on the USB standard. With USB-PD (USB Power-Delivery), there has been an attempt for several years to bring the standardize on the USB plug for portable electronic chargers.
Nowadays, not only smartphones but also notebooks and larger gadgets can be charged with one power supply at high speeds. USB-PD is usually offered in combination with USB-C. Since more and more devices support this standard, you can, for example, charge a Google Pixel 6 Pro with the same adapter used with the MacBook Air, while still using the fast charging option.
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In 2021, the USB-IF – USB Implementers Forum – announced revision 3.1 of the USB-PD specification, which added three new voltage options for the USB-C spec: 28 V, 36 V, and 48 V, allowing charger output to reach 140 W, 180 W, and 240 W. These were not necessarily designed for phones but could theoretically be used for our mobiles.
USB logos 2021
As usual, with a new USB specification comes (lots of) new logos! / © USB-IF
While USB-PD primarily offers advantages when charging multiple devices simultaneously via a USB plug, there is also the USB-PPS protocol. The “Programmable Power Supply” standard isn’t directly related to charging faster but impacts efficiency and safety while charging.
When charging using a compatible device and adapter, the phone (or tablet, PC, etc.) can periodically request changes in voltage and current to the charger, which can be raised when the batteries are cool or lowered when the device starts to get too warm. This level of control may not offer the fastest charging speeds possible, but can potentially prolong the lifespan of the battery.
Qualcomm’s Quick Charge
The chip manufacturer Qualcomm offers the “Quick Charge” standard, which can be found in most Android smartphones in the last few years. This is because Qualcomm is one of the biggest suppliers of phone processors and was one of the first companies to propose a fast-charging standard, still back in the old micro-USB days.
Largely interoperable with USB-PD and PPS, Quick Charge 5 promises more than 100 watts at 20 volts and 5+ amps. The QC5 standard can be found on devices like the Asus ROG Phone 5, Xiaomi 11T Pro, and Nubia RedMagic 6 Pro, usually with lower wattages. You can find a complete list of compatible devices and chargers on the linked Qualcomm page.
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Oppo’s SuperVOOC / OnePlus’ WarpCharge / Realme’s DartCharge / IQOO FlashCharge
Oppo, or rather the brands Oppo, Realme, OnePlus, and Vivo that belong to BBK, decided early on to develop their own standard and were able to establish ultra-fast charging of phones as a trademark for themselves and compete against Xiaomi at the same time. The latest SuperVOOC works with up to 240 watts and fully charges a 4,500 mAh battery in nine minutes, with a 50% charge in 3min30s.
NextPit Oppo Find X5 Pro USB NextPit
UltraVOOC 240 was demoed using a modified version of the Oppo Find X5 Pro during MWC 2022 / © NextPit
Both the UltraVOOC 240 and Realme’s UltraDart 200, also announced during MWC 2022, have no release date yet. Both companies however announced a 150 W version coming in the second quarter of 2022.
It is worth pointing out that to use Oppo/OnePlus/Realme/Vivo/iQOO fast charging standards you need to use a compatible adapter, which only those brands supply.
Xiaomi HyperCharge
After years of not using any kind of branding for its fast chargers, Xiaomi decided to challenge BBK’s brands and announced the Xiaomi 11T Pro in 2021 with its HyperCharge adapter. With up to 120 W, the 11T Pro was fully charged in just 17 minutes in our review. Curiously, the same phone is also listed on Qualcomm’s official Quick Charge 5 support list, keeping Xiaomi’s tradition of offering standards-compliant phones and chargers.
NextPit Xiaomi 11T Pro charger
The Xiaomi 11T Pro (also in the opening picture) comes with a big 120 W charger in the box / © NextPit
Apple’s fast charging via Lightning
Since a few iPhone generations, you can also charge Apple smartphones about halfway in half an hour – and that although the manufacturer from Cupertino still sticks to its Lightning standard instead of switching to USB-C as well. However, this only applies to the charging ports on the iPhone models themselves; Apple equips its own power adapters and also its iPads with USB-C.
Are Apple and Samsung “greenwashing” by not including chargers?
If you want to fast-charge your iPhone, Apple recommends power adapters with at least 20 watts and also advises to only use Apple’s own USB-C to Lightning cables. This is especially relevant when you use a MacBook with a USB-C charger. Since these offer at least 61 watts, fast charging also works via this. You can also use third-party chargers with the required power output. This is especially important since the iPhone 12, because Apple decided to remove the charger from the phone’s retail box.
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MediaTek’s Pump Express 4.0
Not to skip over Qualcomm’s rival, the Taiwanese SoC manufacturer also announced its own fast-charging standard. But outside of a blog post in 2018 and a hot site, the initiative doesn’t seem to have caught off with phone brands…
Is fast-charging harmful to the battery?
After we have only discussed a look at the advantages of super-fast charging of smartphone batteries so far, we should consider whether the whole thing is so useful at all. When do you charge your phone? Do you wait until it’s really empty or does the phone go to the charger every night?
Do you charge your phone at night or when its needed?
When I sleep my phone charges too!
I charge it whenever my phone asks me to.
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Personally, I charge my phone every evening. Since I work a lot with my smartphone, it’s usually very necessary. But I don’t care how quickly the phone gets full when I’m lying in the next room (cue digital detoxing) and sleeping. In order not to strain the battery, I usually simply turn off fast charging – but is that even necessary?
Especially now that Android brands are promising more than two years of software support for their phones, the usual benchmark for which batteries are generally tested may not be enough for the lifespan of the phones.
We have talked to specialists about whether fast charging actually damages our phones, and the answers didn’t seem to ease the NextPit Community. Read the linked article and if you are still not comfortable with using fast charging, the feature can usually be turned off on most phones.
Related: The best chargers for your Samsung phone
Is fast charging also possible wirelessly?
If your phone has an integrated QI coil and you have already equipped your home with corresponding charging stations, you certainly do not want to return to the wired charging world. Wireless charging is finding its way into many more phones and could even work over several meters in the near future. Aside from the increased distance, however, it’s in the increased efficiency that the future of wireless charging lies.
NextPit Oppo Find X5 Pro NextPit
Oppo (again) offers up to 50 W wireless charging in the Find X5 Pro / © NextPit
Wireless charging in commercial devices has also developed away from industry standards, while the ubiquitous Qi specification goes up to 15 W. We can find phones capable of charging way faster than that, but for that again, we have to look at the Chinese brands.
Oppo, for example, announced its AirVOOC 65 W charger but offers up to 50 W with its current (in 2022) flagship Find X5 Pro, a wattage already found on the Xiaomi Mi 10 Ultra, released in 2020. Similar to the wired chargers, both models require special charging pads to reach those numbers, so you cannot benefit from the higher speed in charging stations integrated into IKEA lamps.
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While this is all very convenient, you should consider the efficiency of wireless charging. Because not only is this strongly dependent on the positioning of the charging coils, but energy is also always lost during inductive charging. Thus, it is not really efficient to place the phone on a Qi charging station in the evening.
What about you? What are your charging habits? Do you prefer wired or wireless chargers? Do you have fast-charging power banks as well? Share your experiences in the comments below!
Source: https://www.nextpit.com/charging-standards-comparison
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